Election Year	Candidates	% of Jewish Vote	% of National Vote
1916	Hughes (R)	45	46
1916	Wilson (D)	55	49
1920	Harding (R)	43	60
	Cox (D)	19	34
	Debs (Socialist)	38	3
1924	Coolidge (R)	27	54
	Davis (D)	51	29
	LaFollette (P)	22	17
1928	Hoover (R)	28	58
1928	Smith (D)	72	41
1932	Hoover (R)	18	40
1932	Roosevelt (D)	82	57
1936	Landon (R)	15	37
1936	Roosevelt (D)	85	61
1940	Wilkie (R)	10	45
1940	Roosevelt (D)	90	55
1944	Dewey (R)	10	46
1944	Roosevelt (D)	90	53
1948	Dewey (R)	10	45
	Truman (D)	75	50
	Wallace (Progressive)	15	2
1952	Eisenhower (R)	36	55
1952	Stevenson (D)	64	44
1956	Eisenhower (R)	40	57
1956	Stevenson (D)	60	42
1960	Nixon (R)	18	50
1960	Kennedy (D)	82	50
1964	Goldwater (R)	10	38
1964	Johnson (D)	90	61
1968	Nixon (R)	17	43
	Humphrey (D)	81	43
	Wallace (Independent)	2	13
1972	Nixon (R)	35	61
1972	McGovern (D)	65	38
1976	Ford (R)	27	48
1976	Carter (D)	71	50
1980	Reagan (R)	39	51
	Carter (D)	45	41
	Anderson (I)	15	6
1984	Reagan (R)	31	59
1984	Mondale (D)	57	41
1988	Bush (R)	35	53
1988	Dukakis (D)	64	46
1992	Bush (R)	11	37
	Clinton (D)	80	43
	Perot (I)	9	19
1996	Dole (R)	16	41
	Clinton (D)	78	49
	Perot (I)	3	8
2000	Bush (R)	19	48
	Gore (D)	79	48
	Nader (I)	1	2
2004	Bush (R)	24	51
2004	Kerry (D)	76	48
2008	McCain (R)	22	46
2008	Obama (D)	78	53
2012	Romney (R)	30	47
2012	Obama (D)	69	51
2016	Trump (R)	24	46
2016	Clinton (D)	71	48
2020**	Trump (R)	30	49
2020**	Biden (D)	68	51
2024***	Trump (R)	32	50
2024***	Harris (D)	66	48

American Jews tend to favor Democratic candidates, with 71% of Jewish voters choosing Democratic candidates on average and 26% choosing Republicans since 1968.

*Number as a percentage of the popular vote.

**There were no reliable polls immediately after the election. The usual sources — the National Election Pool and the Associated Press — did not post Jewish voting results. AP decided not to conduct an exit poll because so many people now vote without going to a polling place. Partisan polls came up with results that, predictably, reflected their biases. The left-wing J Street exit poll, for example, found that Jews favored Biden 77%-21%, while a Republican Jewish Coalition poll showed Biden winning the Jewish vote by a narrower margin – 61%-31%. The more neutral American Jewish Committee survey was not an exit poll. It showed that 76% of Jews supported Biden. The Pew Research Center reported that 70% of the vote was for Biden and 27% for Trump. We are using the Associated Press VoteCast survey conducted by the nonpartisan National Opinion Research Center. The NORC survey was conducted between October 26 and November 3, concluding as polls closed on Election Day.

***We use the Associated Press/Fox News poll, consistent with pre-election surveys. According to the Harvard Cooperative Election Study, Harris beat Trump 63% to 36%. J Street, the liberal Jewish lobby, reported that Harris received 71% and Trump 26%. Another left-of-center group, the Jewish Electorate Institute, had a similar 71%-26% margin favoring Harris in its survey.

Sources: L. Sandy Maisel and Ira Forman, Eds., Jews in American Politics, (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2001), p. 153.
“Findings of the 2020 AJC Survey of American Jewish Opinion: Presidential Politics,” AJC, (October 19, 2020).
Ron Kampeas and Gabe Friedman, “How did Jewish Americans vote? Polls offer imperfect takes, but the big picture is clear,” JTA, (November 16, 2020).
“AP VoteCast 2020,” AP-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research, (May 2021).
“2016-2022 Validated Voter Detailed Tables,” Pew Research Center, (July 12, 2023).
Ron Kampeas, “One month after Election Day, here’s what we know about how Jews voted,” JTA, (December 4, 2024).
Various news sources.

U.S. Presidential Elections: Jewish Voting Record