Portugal
(Updated December 2003)
In Portugal (total population: 10 million) there is no tradition of anti-Semitism
in recent times. Apart from a period of some tension between Salazar’s
regime and the Portuguese Jewish community – that never resulted
in persecution – in the recent past the small Jewish community
(700 people) has been assimilated and accepted by Portuguese society.
After the dawn of democracy, Jews were totally accepted as another religious
minority and its religion is protected under the act acknowledging religious
plurality.
1. Physical acts of violence
In July the Lisbon synagogue was vandalised and sacred objects scattered
on the floor.
2. Verbal aggression/hate speech
Direct threats
There are no reports of complaints neither by the Jewish community,
the press, NGOs nor other media.
Insults
The Israel Embassy has received slanderous calls and Internet messages
with offensive content.
Telephone
There are no reports of physical or material threats against the Jewish
community and its property.
Graffiti
The Israeli Embassy reported that their flag in the “Nations Park”,
located where the World Expo took place in 1998 and now a major social
meeting place in Lisbon, was vandalised. Several Nazi swastikas and
other insults appeared on the flag platform.
Leaflets
No material of this kind was reported to have appeared in circulation.
The Jewish community, as expressed through its representative, considered
an e-mail sent by a professor of the Trás-os-Montes University
the main anti-Semitic event in the monitored period. In this e-mail,
addressing the conflict in the Middle East, a phrase stated “If
there are any good Jews (which I doubt) (…)”. Another professor
of the same university alerted the Portuguese Jewish community about
this e-mail, who in turn then revealed it to the press, where it was
published in the newspaper Público.
Public discourse
On a visit to Israel, the Nobel Prize winner José Saramago declared
to Portuguese radio station Antenna 1, that “It must be said that
in Palestine, there is a crime which we can stop. We may compare it
with what happened at Auschwitz”. While visiting Ramallah and Arafat
with members of the International Parliament of Writers, Saramago stated
that the Israeli blockade of Ramallah is "in the spirit of Auschwitz,"
and "this place is being turned into a concentration camp."
Internet
Several Portuguese Nazi sites appeared in 2002 on the Internet.
Some of them have anti-Semitic declarations and articles. However, these
are translations of anti-Semitic articles written in other countries,
mainly from the US. No explicit threats to the Portuguese Jewish community
were found in any of these sites (at least in the period monitored).
One particular site has more explicit anti-Semitic allusions: Movimento
da Reconstrução Nacional Socialista Atlântico (Atlantic
Movement for the National Socialist Reconstruction). At this site one
can find several links to further national and foreign National Socialist
sites. The majority of the anti-Semitic sites are Brazilian; and though
we can also find Portuguese fascist and nationalist sites, they do not
display anti-Semitic references.
3. Research studies
There is no recent report on anti-Semitic aggression or attitudes.
4. Good practices for reducing prejudice, violence and aggression
There are no reported examples of good practices.
5. Reactions by politicians and other opinion leaders
The President recently participated in the 100-year
celebrations for the Lisbon Synagogue. On that occasion the President
stated that Portugal should pay more attention to Jewish culture and
to its several famous names, claiming that they are an integral part
of Portuguese history. The main newspapers broadcasted the celebrations
and printed the President’s address.
Sources:
C.R.I.F. - Released by the European Jewish Congress |