Judah Nadich
(1912 - 2007)
Judah Nadich was the first adviser on Jewish Affairs
to General Dwight Eisenhower, the commander of the U.S. forces in Europe.
Nadich was born in Baltimore, MD. on May 13, 1912.
He was the son of a Jewish socialist and member of the Workmen's Circle.
At the age of 14 he was awarded a scholarship to study at the Yeshiva
high school in New York City. After graduating, Nadich attended a number
of universities: Yeshiva College, during the day, City College of New
York, in the evenings, and The John's Hopkins University, during the
summers. Upon the completion of his undergraduate studies he enrolled
in the Rabbinical school of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America
and a master's program in history at Columbia University, where he studied
with the renown Jewish historian, Salo Baron. In 1936 Nadich received
both his rabbinical ordination and his masters degree. He later received
a doctorate in Hebrew Literature at the Jewish Theological Seminary.
Between 1936 and 1940, Nadich served as rabbi at
Temple Beth David in Buffalo, NY and between 1940 and 1942, served as assistant rabbi at Anshe Emet in Chicago, IL . Shortly
after Pearl Harbor, Nadich enlisted in the army as a chaplain. By the
end of the summer 1942 he was already on his way to England as the first Jewish chaplain in the European Theater of Operations.
For the next two years he was stationed in Northern Ireland and England,
where he was responsible for supplying the religious needs of Jewish
soldiers and officers and for training and assigning duties to new Jewish
chaplains as they arrived in the United Kingdom.
In 1944,
Nadich was sent to France, where he was put in charge of the procurement
of supplies for all religious purposes. When the Allies marched into Paris in August, Nadich followed
them. Immediately upon his arrival he sought out the Jewish community,
driving his chaplain's jeep into the old Jewish quarter. He was the
survivors' first contact with the outside Jewish world, and their meeting
was highly emotional. Nadich met with the new Jewish leadership and
helped them secure their immediate goals of opening up a public kitchen,
establishing a free loan society and making contact with relatives in
the U.S.
The
American chaplain also participated in the first religious service held
after the liberation at
the rue de la Victoire synagogue. Nadich preached to the assembled congregation
of Jewish GIs and survivors in both French and English. On Passover 1945, Nadich conducted
seders for 6,000 Jewish troops in the largest night club on the Champs
d'Elysee.
While in Paris (and later in Germany), Nadich provided
help to the Bricha organization in its efforts to move Jewish DPs to coastal ports and board them on ships to Palestine. On several occasions
he was able to secure badly needed supplies to help sustain the DPs
while they waited for transport to Palestine.
In August 1945, after serving in France for a year,
Nadich was transferred to Frankfurt. There he assumed the new post of
Adviser on Jewish Affairs to the commander of U.S. forces in Europe,
which was created in the wake of the Harrison
Report that condemned the army for its treatment of Jewish displaced
persons.
Nadich was sent by Eisenhower and his chief of staff,
Walter Bedell-Smith, to visit the displaced persons camps in the American
zone of Germany, report back on conditions and make recommendations
for their improvement. For the next three months Nadich made repeated
tours of the camps. His recommendations to move Jews into separate camps,
provide better nutrition, ease restrictions on travel, remove camp fences,
set up Jewish committees, and the like were generally supported by Eisenhower,
but not always quickly implemented by military units working directly
with the DPs.
During the fall of 1945 Nadich also had occasion to
tour the DP camps in Austria and meet with representatives of the Bergen-Belsen DP camp in the British
zone of occupation. On October 19, Nadich accompanied Jewish Agency
Executive Chairman David
Ben-Gurion on a tour of the Zeilsheim DP camp, his first visit to
a displaced persons camp. It was Nadich who convinced Eisenhower to
grant Ben-Gurion's request to visit the American zone and meet with
survivors. It was also Nadich who advised Eisenhower to permit the Jewish
refugees (infiltrees) from Eastern Europe to cross into the American
zone and take up residence in the Jewish DP camps when they first started
to arrive in the fall of 1945.
In November the post of adviser on Jewish affairs was
passed on to a civilian appointed by President
Truman, Judge Simon H. Rifkind, and Nadich returned to the U.S.
For the next year and a half, he worked as a spokesperson and fundraiser
for the Joint Distribution Committee and the United Jewish Appeal. He
also did a four-month tour of duty in Rhodesia/South Africa raising
funds for the South African Jewish War Appeal.
In 1947, Nadich married and resumed his rabbinical
career. He served as the rabbi of Congregation Kehillath Israel in Brookline,
MA from 1947-1957, followed by another thirty years at the prestigious Park
Avenue Synagogue in Manhattan from 1957 to 1987. Nadich maintained his friendship with
Eisenhower after his military service. The former chaplain wrote a special Rosh Hashanah message for
Eisenhower's presidential campaign, gave the invocation at the Republican
National Convention where he was nominated, attended his inauguration,
and invited him to speak at his synagogue on the twentieth anniversary
of the liberation of Europe in 1965. Nadich passed away in August 2007.
Sources: USHMM - "Interview with Judah Nadich," February 22, 1990,
Holocaust Museum Oral History Project. |