| 1. |
Shalom or Shalom lekha |
שָׁלוֹם
שָׁלוֹם לְךָ |
Peace.
Peace to you. |
As a common greeting equivalent to "hello" or "goodbye"
"Good day" |
Gen. 29:6; 43:27;
Ex. 18:7
Judg. 6:24
I Sam. 16:4 |
| 2. |
Shalom aleikhem |
שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם |
Peace to you. |
Same as above |
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| 3. |
Aleikhem shalom |
עֲלֵיכֶם שָׁלוֹם |
To you, peace. |
Response to greeting No. 2 |
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| 4. |
Barukh ha-ba |
בָּרוּךְ הַבָּא |
Blessed be the one who comes. |
A common greeting, equivalent to "welcome." A child brought to the circumcision ceremony and a bride and groom approaching the wedding canopy are also greeted thus. The response to the greeting is No. 5 or 6. |
| 5. |
Barukh ha-nimẓa |
אָצמִּנַה ךור ָּב |
Blessed be the one (already) present. |
Response to greeting No. 4 |
Ps. 118:26 |
| 6. |
Barukh ha-yoshev |
בָּרוּךְ הַיּוֹשֵב |
Blessed be the one who is sitting. |
Response to greeting No. 4. Used by a guest to the host sitting at the head of the table. |
| 7. |
Shalom berakhah ve-tovah |
שָׁלוֹם בְּרָכָה וְטוֹבָה |
Peace, blessing and (all) good (to you). |
General blessing used by Sephardi Jews. |
| 8. |
Ḥazak u-varukh |
חֲזק וּבָרוּךְ |
Be stong and blessed. |
Same as above Also used in Sephardi synagogues to a person who returns to his seat after having performed liturgical functions. |
| 9. |
Yishar koḥakha or Yasher ko'akh |
יִישַׁר כֹּחֲךָ |
May your strength (increase) go straight. |
Congratulations for success and achievement. In traditional synagogues also extended to a person who has been called up to the Torah reading. |
| 10. |
Ḥazak ve-emaẓ |
חֲזַק וֶאֱמָץ |
Be strong and of good courage. |
Congratulations for success and achievement. Also extended to a bar mitzvah boy after he has finished reading the haftarah. |
e.g., Deut 31:23 |
| 11. |
Biz hundert un tsvantsik |
(Yiddish) |
(May you live) until the age of 120. |
A wish for long life. |
| 12. |
Tsu gezunt |
(Yiddish) |
Good health. |
To a person who has sneezed; also to someone convalescing. |
| 13. |
a. Li-veri'ut |
לִבְרִיאוּת |
Good health. |
Same as above |
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b. Asuta |
אָסוּתָא (Aramaic) |
Good health. |
Same as above |
| 14. |
Refu'ah shelemah |
רְפוּאָה שְׁלֵמָה |
(May you have) a complete recovery. |
Wish to a sick person. |
| SABBATH AND HOLIDAY GREETINGS |
| 15. |
a. Shabbat shalom Gut shabes |
שַׁבַּת שָׁלוֹם (Yiddish) |
Good Sabbath. |
The Sabbath greeting |
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b. Shabbat hi milizok u-refu'ah kerovah lavo |
שַׁבָּת הִיא מִלִּזְעֹק וּרְפוּאָה קְרוֹבָה לָבוֹא |
It is Sabbath and forbidden to make supplications but may you soon get well. |
When visiting the sick on the Sabbath |
Shab. 12a |
| 16. |
a. Shavu'a tov A gute vokh |
שָׁבוּעַ טוֹב (Yiddish) |
A good week. |
Saturday night at the end of the Sabbath |
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| 17. |
Gut khoydesh |
(Yiddish) |
A good new month. |
On new moons |
| 18. |
Gut Yontev |
(Yiddish) corrupted from the Hebrew Yom Tov |
A good holiday (to you). |
On holidays and festivals |
| 19. |
a. Mo'adim lesimḥah |
מוֹעֲדִים לְשִׂמְחָה |
Joyous holidays. |
On festivals. The response to which is No. 20. |
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b. Ḥag same'ah |
חַג שָׂמֵחַ |
Joyous holiday. |
| 20. |
Ḥaggim uzemannim lesason |
חַגִּים וּזְמַנִּים לְשָׂשֹׂוֹן |
Holidays and festivals for joy and gladness. |
Response to No. 19a and 19b |
This wording is from the prayer for the three festivals. |
| 21. |
Ve-hayita akh same'aḥ |
וְהָיִיתָ אַךְ שָׂמֵחַ |
You shall have nothing but joy. |
On Sukkot, when visiting a person in his sukkah |
Deut. 16:15 |
| NEW YEAR AND DAY OF ATONEMENT |
| 22. |
a. Shanah tovah |
שָׁנָה טוֹבָה |
A good year (to you), or its more ample version: |
During the Days of Penitence |
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b. Le-shanah tovah tikkatevu (vetehatemu) |
(לְשָׁנָה טוֹבָה תִּכָּתֵבוּ (וְתֵחָתֵמוּ |
May you be inscribed and sealed) for a good year (i.e. in the Book of Life), or its shorter form: |
|
The wording is from the prayers
*Amidah
and
*Avinu Malkenu
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c. Ketivah tovah |
כְּתִיבָה טוֹבָה |
A good inscription (in the Book of Life). |
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| 23. |
Gam le-mar |
גַם לְמַר |
To you too. |
Greetings in Nos. 22a, b, and c, as well as 24a and b |
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On the Day of Atonement, the day of "Sealing the book." |
Wording from the prayer book. |
| 24. |
a. Hatimah tovah |
חֲתִימָה טוֹבָה |
A sealing for good (to you), or its more ample version: |
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b. Gemar hatimah tovah |
גְּמַר חֲתִימָה טוֹבָה |
A propitious final sealing (to you) (in the Book of Life). |
As above. This form can be used until Hoshana Rabba. |
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| ON JOYOUS OCCASIONS AND FAMILY EVENTS |
| 25. |
a. Mazzal tov |
מַזָּל טוֹב |
Good luck (i.e., may you enjoy a favorable zodiac constellation). |
For joyous occasions, especially childbirth, betrothal, wedding, bar-mitzvah, etc.… |
Ashkenazi custom. |
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b. Be-siman tov |
בְּסִימָן טוֹב |
Same as above |
Same as above |
Sephardi custom. |
| 26. |
Barukh tihyeh |
בָּרוּךְ תִּהְיֶה |
Be you blessed (too), i.e., the same to you). |
Response to Mazzal tov wish |
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| 27. |
Le-ḥayyim or |
לְחַיִּים |
To life. |
On taking a drink, usually alcoholic. |
Shab. 67b. |
| 28. |
Le-ḥayyim tovim u-le-shalom |
לְחַיִּים טוֹבִים וּלְשָׁלוֹם |
Good life and peace (to you). |
More ample form of No. 27. |
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| DURING MOURNING |
| 29. |
Ha-Makom yenahem etkhem be-tokh avelei Ẓiyyon vi-Yrushalayim |
הַמָּקוֹם יְנַחֵם אֶתְכֶם בְּתוֹךְ אֲבֵלֵי צִיּוֹן וִירוּשָׁלַיִם |
May the Lord comfort you among all mourners for Zion and Jerusalem. |
To a mourner during the week of mourning. |
See:
*Mourning
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| ON YAHRZEIT |
| 30. |
Ad bi'at ha-go'el |
עַד בִּיאַת הַגּוֹאֵל |
(May you live) until the coming of the Messiah. |
On the yearly anniversary of the death of a relative. |
Among German Jews. |
| IN WRITTEN FORM ONLY |
| 31. |
Ad me'ah shanah |
(עַד מֵאָה שָׁנָה (עמ"ש |
Until a hundred years. |
In the heading of a private letter, after the addressee's name |
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| 32. |
Zekhuto yagen aleinu |
(זְכוּתוֹ יָגֵן עָלֵינוּ (זי"ע |
May his merit protect us. |
After name of distinguished deceased; usually ḥasidic. |
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| 33. |
Zikhrono li-verakhah or Zekher ẓaddik liverakhah |
(זִכְרוֹנוֹ לִבְרָכָה (ז"ל) זֵכֶר צַדִּיק לִבְרָכָה (זצ"ל |
May his memory be for a blessing.
May the memory of the pious be for a blessing. |
After name of deceased; also in speech. |
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| 34. |
Alav ha-shalom |
(עָלָיו הַשָלוֹם (ע"ה |
Peace be on him. |
As above. |
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| 35. |
Natreih Raḥamana u-varkhei |
(נַטְרֵיה רַחֲמָנָא וּבַרְכֵיה (נר"ו (Aramaic) |
May God guard and bless him (you). |
Written form of address. |
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| 36. |
She-yihyeh le-orekh yamim tovim amen |
(שׁיּחיֶה לְאֹרֶך יָמִים טוֹבִים אָמֵן (שליט"א |
May he (you) live for many good days, Amen. |
As above. |
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