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American Jewish Opinion Regarding Anti-Semitism

(2021 - Present)

Note: We are presenting raw data. When available, we provide some or all of the crosstabs (i.e., breakdowns by various categories such as party ID). To analyze the data, we encourage users to read the entire study and the methodology used. Results and reliability can be affected by such things as sample size, question wording, and question order. Responses may also be influenced by context and timing; for example, if the survey is conducted during a war.


See also 

Is there a great deal of anti-Semitism on campuses or has this been exaggerated? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll,  May 15-16, 2024)

  April  24 May 24
There is a great deal of anti-Semitism on campuses 69% 69%
This has been exaggerated 31% 31%

Do you think Jewish students are safe on campuses and can openly wear Jewish stars and other symbols of being Jewish or would that be unsafe right now? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll,  May 15-16, 2024)

  April  24 May 24
Jewish students are safe on campuses and can openly wear Jewish symbols 37% 37%
That would be unsafe right now 63% 63%

Are the leaders of private higher-education institutions doing enough to prevent antisemitism and hatred of Jews on university campuses today or not(Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll,  May 15-16, 2024)

  April  24 May 24
Doing enough to prevent antisemitism 36% 35%
Not doing enough 64% 65%

Should students and professors who call for violence towards Jews be suspended from these institutions or not? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll,  May 15-16, 2024)

  April  24 May 24
Suspended 80% 84%
Not suspended 20% 16%

Should students and professors who engage in violent antisemitic protests be suspended from these institutions or not? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll,  May 15-16, 2024)

  April  24 May 24
Suspended 84% 83%
Not suspended 16% 17%

Are our institutions of higher learning functioning well or is there a problem with what they are teaching kids today? (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll,  May 15-16, 2024)

  April  24 May 24
Functioning well 36% 33%
There is a problem with what they are teaching today 64% 67%

Is the problem with higher learning institutions any of the following... [Among those who think there is a problem with what higher learning institutions are teaching] (Harvard CAPS/Harris Poll,  May 15-16, 2024)

  May 24
Teaching theories that racially divide us 41%
Having teachers that are all on one side of the political spectrum not all sides 36%
Teaching theories that promote anti-Americanism 34%
Teaching theories that run counter to freedom of speech and tolerance 27%
Teaching theories that promote anti-Semitism 23%
Failing to be rigorous in teaching and grading 14%

How concerned are you for your or your family’s future as an American Jew as of what you have seen in the campus demonstrations? (JCPA, May 9-11, 2024)

A great deal

28%

A lot

28%
A moderate amount 23%
A little 13%
Not at all 8%

Do you think anti-Semitism in the United States is currently a very serious problem, somewhat of a problem, or not a problem at all? (AJC, Jews September 9-October 4, 2020, September 11 - October 6, 2019, September 1-October 3, 2021, October 5-November 21, 2023, March 12-April 6, 2024)

 

2003

2007

2010

2016 2017 2019 2020 2021 2023 2024
A problem

97%

87%

91%

73% 84% 88% 88% 90% 93% 93%
Not a problem

3%

12%

9%

26% 16% 12% 11% 10% 6% 7%

*Alternative wording: How much of a problem, if at all, do you think anti-Semitism is in the United States today?

In the past few months, have you removed items that might identify you as Jewish, such as a mezuzah at your front door, kippa (yarmulke), or a chain or bracelet with a Star of David or chai symbol? [Of individuals who wear something distinctive] (Benenson Strategy Group for JFNA, February 23-March 12, 2024)

Yes

25%

No

75%

Over the past 12 months, have you:  (Benenson Strategy Group for JFNA, February 23-March 12, 2024).

  Yes No
You been the target of an antisemitic physical attack?  3% 96%
You, been the target of an antisemitic remark in person?  13% 83%
You been made to feel unwelcome because you are Jewish or perceived Jewish?  18% 77%
 Overheard an antisemitic remark towards someone else in person?  34% 62%
 Yourself, been the target of an antisemitic remark or post online or through social media? 17% 80%
Seen any antisemitic content (such as comments or posts) online or on social media 75% 22%

Over the past 12 months, have you: (Benenson Strategy Group for JFNA, February 23-March 12, 2024).

Total was target of anti-Semitism 23%
Total overheard or seen 76%

In the past month, how often have you been worried about your personal safety because of your race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, disability status, or other defining personal characteristics? (Benenson Strategy Group for JFNA, February 23-March 12, 2024).

Not much/Little

42%

Very Much/All the Time

31%

(Of anyone who indicated they experienced antisemitism) Did you report the attack(s) to any of the following? (Benenson Strategy Group for JFNA, February 23-March 12, 2024).

I did not report it 

71%

The website/platform where it occurred 

17%
Leadership where it occurred (i.e., managers or administrators)  4%
A Jewish organization 3%
Police 2%

Please tell us how much discrimination there is against Jews in our society today. [% A lot or some] (Pew, February 13-25, 2024)

Jews

94%

All Adults

82%

% who say that, since the start of the Israel-Hamas war, discrimination has increased against Jews in our society (Pew, February 13-25, 2024)

Jews

89%

All Adults

57%

Since the start of the Israel-Hamas war, have you personally felt offended because of...  [% Yes] (Pew, February 13-25, 2024)

  Jews All Adults

 Something someone said around you about the war

49%

17%

Something you saw on the news or social media about the war 

74%

33%

Have you stopped talking to someone in person or unfollowed or blocked someone online because of something they said about the Israel-Hamas war? [% Yes] (Pew, February 13-25, 2024)

  Jews All Adults

Yes

26% 8%

Regardless of your own opinions, do you think people in the U.S. should be allowed to express each of the following in public, even if it might offend others? [% should be allowed] (Pew, February 13-25, 2024)

  Jews All Adults

Speech that supports Israel’s right to exist as a Jewish state 

92% 70%

Speech that opposes Israel’s right to exist as a Jewish state 

55% 58%
Speech that supports Palestinians having their own state  77% 66%
Speech that opposes Palestinians having their own state  74% 61%
Speech that calls for violence against Jews 8% 10%
Speech that calls for violence against Muslims  6% 11%

Do you view the statement, “Israel has no right to exist,” as anti-Semitic or not? (AJC, Jews September 9-October 4, 2020, September 11 - October 6, 2019, September 1-October 3, 2021, October 5-November 21, 2023)

 
2019

2020

2021

2023

Anti-Semitic

84%

85%

81%

85%

Not anti-Semitic

15%

14%

19%

15%

Do you view the statement, “American Jews stick together more than other Americans,” as antisemitic or not? (AJCOctober 5-November 21, 2023)

  2023

Anti-Semitic

39%

Not anti-Semitic

60%

Do you view the statement, “Jews in the United States have too much power,” as antisemitic or not? (AJC, October 5-November 21, 2023)

  2023

Anti-Semitic

91%

Not anti-Semitic

8%

To what extent, if at all, have these [October 7, 2023] terrorist attacks in Israel made you feel less safe as a Jewish person in the U.S.? (AJC, October 5-November 21, 2023)

  2023

Feel less safe

78%

Not at all 

22%

Over the past five years, do you think anti-Semitism in the United States has… (AJC, Jews September 9-October 4, 2020, September 11 - October 6, 2019, September 1-October 3, 2021, Pew, Nov. 19, 2019-June 3, 2020, AJC, October 5-November 21, 2023)

 
2019

2020

2020
(Pew)
2021 2023

Increased/More

84%

82%

75%

82%

86%

Stayed the same

12%

14%

19%

14%

12%
Decreased
4%
3%
5%
3%
2%

Compared to a year ago, is the status of Jews in the United States more secure or less secure? (AJC, Jews September 9-October 4, 2020, September 11 - October 6, 2019, September 1-October 3, 2021October 5-November 21, 2023)

 
2019

2020

2021

2023

More

2%

4%

11%

3%

Less

42%

43%

31%

63%
About the same
55%
52%
57%
34%

In your opinion, is antisemitism taken more seriously, less seriously, or is it considered to be the same as other forms of hate and bigotry? (AJC, October 5-November 21, 2023)

  2023

More seriously

18%

Less seriously

47%
Considered to be the same 34%

Over the past 12 months, have you seen or heard any antisemitic content (such as comments or posts) online or on social media? This could be something directed at you, personally, or something you’ve observed? (AJC, September 1-October 3, 2021October 5-November 21, 2023)

  2021 2023

Yes, one time

5% 6%

Yes, more than one time

7% 56%
No 88% 38%

Wording in 2021: Over the past 12 months, have you, yourself, been the target of an anti-Semitic remark or post online or through social media?

Where did you see or hear an antisemitic remark or post in the past 12 months? (AJC, October 5-November 21, 2023)

  2023

Facebook

51%

X (formerly known as Twitter)

47%
Youtube 24%
Instagram 27%
TikTok 18%
Online gaming platforms 11%
The news* 59%
Other social media or online platform 5%

*Respondents were asked to not include news stories reporting on antisemitic incidents.

Did you report this incident or any of these incidents to this social media or online platform(s)? (AJC, October 5-November 21, 2023)

  2023

Yes

35%
No 65%

Did this online incident or any of these online incidents make you feel physically threatened​​​​​​? (AJC, September 1-October 3, 2021)

 

2021

2023

Yes

18%

22%

No

82%

78%

Wording in 2021: Did your experience with anti-Semitism online make you feel physically threatened?

As a user of a social media or online platform(s), how important is it to you, if at all, that social media companies explicitly cover antisemitism in the platform(s)’s terms of service and community standards? (AJC, October 5-November 21, 2023)

  2023

Important 

89%
Not important  10%

As a user of a social media or online platform(s), how important is it to you, if at all, that social media companies make it easy to specifically report antisemitism? (AJC, October 5-November 21, 2023)

  2023

Important AI

90%
Not important  10%

Which statement comes closer to your view, even if neither is exactly right? (AJC, October 5-November 21, 2023)

Antisemitism affects society as a whole; everyone is responsible for combating it

95%

Antisemitism does not affect society as a whole; Jews alone are responsible for combating it 5%

Over the past 12 months, have you, yourself, been the target of an antisemitic attack in person, during which the attacker physically touched you? (AJC, September 1-October 3, 2021, October 5-November 21, 2023)

 

2021

2023

Yes

3%

3%

No

97%

97%

Wording in 2021: Over the past 12 months, have you, yourself, been the target of an anti-Semitic physical attack?

Over the past 12 months, have you, yourself, been the target of an antisemitic remark in person? (AJC, September 1-October 3, 2021, October 5-November 21, 2023)

  2021 2023

Yes

17% 22%

No

83% 78%

Over the past 12 months, if you, yourself, were the target of antisemitic remark in person, did you report this incident, or any of these incidents? (AJC, September 1-October 3, 2021)

 

2021

2023

Reported incident

42%

21%

Did not report incident

58%

79%

Wording in 2021: If you were the target of an anti-Semitic remark or post in the past 12 months did you report it?

Over the past 12 months, have you, yourself, been the target of antisemitic vandalism to, or messaging (such as flyers or pamphlets) left on your personal property?  (AJC, October 5-November 21, 2023)

  2023x`

Yes

7%

No

93%

In the past 12 months, have you avoided publicly wearing, carrying, or displaying things that might help people identify you as a Jew out of fear of anti-Semitism? (AJC, September 1-October 3, 2021October 5-November 21, 2023)

 

2021

2023

Yes

22%

26%

No

78%

74%

In the past 12 months, have you avoided certain places, events, or situations out of concern for your safety or comfort as a Jew out of fear of anti-Semitism? (AJC, September 1-October 3, 2021October 5-November 21, 2023)

 

2021

2023

Yes

17%

26%

No

83%

74%

Did hearing about the October 7, 2023, terrorist attack make you feel a great deal, a fair amount, or a little less safe as a Jewish person in the United States? [of those who heard at least a little about the attack]* (American Jewish Committee, October 5 - November 21, 2023)

  2023

Great deal

20%
A fair amount  23%
A little 34%

*Not exact question wording.

How concerned are you, if at all, that generative artificial intelligence (AI) or automated systems, such as ChatGPT, spread misinformation about Jews? (AJC, October 5-November 21, 2023)

Concerned

72%

Not concerned 27%

How concerned are you, if at all, that generative artificial intelligence (AI) or automated systems, such as ChatGPT, show bias against Israel? (AJC, October 5-November 21, 2023)

Concerned

62%

Not concerned 37%

Have you avoided posting content online that would identify you as a Jew or reveal your views on Jewish issues? (AJC, Jews September 9-October 4, 2020, October 5-November 21, 2023)

 

2020

2023

Yes

24%

30%

No

75%

69%

How important is it to you that public schools invest more resources in teaching age-appropriate lessons about the Holocaust for all students? (AJC,  October 5-November 21, 2023)

Important

91%

Not important 8%

How important is it to you, if at all, that statewide studies are conducted to assess how effectively public school districts are teaching the Holocaust? (AJC, October 5-November 21, 2023)

Important

87%

Not important 13%

How important is it to you, if at all, that state and local governments include contemporary antisemitism in public school curricula? (AJC, October 5-November 21, 2023)

Important

86%

Not important 13%

How important is it to you, if at all, that state and local governments include Jewish studies within the ethnic studies or history curricula in public schools? (AJC, October 5-November 21, 2023)

Important

77%

Not important 23%

Over the past five years, have any Jewish institutions with which you are affiliated been targets of antisemitism? (AJC, October 5-November 21, 2023)

Antisemitic graffiti

17%

Antisemitic attacks 6%
Antisemitic threats 18%
None of these 21%
Not affiliated with any Jewish institutions 38%
Not sure 16%

In the past five years, have any of the Jewish institutions you are affiliated with increased security measures or is security about the same? (AJC, October 5-November 21, 2023)

Increased

64%

About the same 22%

Thinking about when you attend any of the Jewish institutions with which you are affiliated, how safe, if at all, do you feel with regards to antisemitism (AJC, October 5-November 21, 2023)

Safe

69%

Unsafe 22%

How effective do you think law enforcement is in responding to the security needs of Jews? (AJC, October 5-November 21, 2023)

Effective

65%

Not effective 34%

How strongly do you approve or disapprove of the way President Biden is responding to antisemitism in the United States? (AJC, September 1-October 3, 2021October 5-November 21, 2023)

 

2021

2023

Approve

53%

57%

Disapprove

28%

27%
No opinion
16%
15%

Wording in 2021: Do you approve or disapprove of the way President Biden is responding to anti-Semitism in the United States?

How strongly do you approve or disapprove of the way Congress is responding to antisemitism in the United States? (AJC, September 1-October 3, 2021October 5-November 21, 2023)

 

2021

2023

Approve

28%

26%

Disapprove

50%

52%
No opinion
18%
21%

Wording in 2021: Do you approve or disapprove of the way Congress is responding to anti-Semitism in the United States?

Do you approve or disapprove of the way state and local governments are responding to anti-Semitism in the United States? (AJC, September 1-October 3, 2021October 5-November 21, 2023)

 

2021

2023

Approve

42%

47%

Disapprove

36%

33%
No opinion
17%
19%

In the past 12 months have you ever avoided expressing your views on Israel in your workplace or with colleagues because of fears of antisemitism? (AJC, October 5-November 21, 2023)

  2023

Yes

24%

No

76%

In the past 12 months have you ever avoided wearing, carrying, or displaying something that would identify you as Jewish in your workplace or around colleagues because of fears of antisemitism? (AJC, October 5-November 21, 2023)

  2023

Yes

15%

No

84%

Thinking about your workplace, have you ever felt or been excluded because you are Jewish? (AJC, October 5-November 21, 2023)

  2023

Yes

6%

No

94%

Thinking about your workplace, have you ever felt or been excluded because of your assumed or actual connection to Israel? (AJC, October 5-November 21, 2023)

  2023

Yes

3%

No

97%

In the past 12 months have you ever been told you could not take time off for Jewish holidays? (AJC, October 5-November 21, 2023)

  2023

Yes

6%

No

93%

In the past 12 months have you ever felt uncomfortable or unsafe in your workplace because of your Jewish identity? (AJC, October 5-November 21, 2023)

  2023

Yes

13%

No

87%

How concerned are you about anti-Semitism in the U.S. today? (Ruderman Family Foundation, October 11-November 1, 2021, November 5

 

Concerned

94%

91% 93%
Not concerned 7% A

-9, 2023)

  2021 2022 2023
       
    9% 7%

For each of the items below, how serious of a problem do you think this is in the United States? (Ruderman Family Foundation, October 11-November 1, 2021, November 5-9, 2023)

  2023

Anti-Semitism

96%
Racism 91%
Islamophobia 78%

For each of the items below, how serious of a problem do you think this is on college campuses in the United States? (Ruderman Family Foundation, October 11-November 1, 2021, November 5-9, 2023)

  2023

Anti-Semitism

91%
Racism 83%
Islamophobia 67%

Below is a list of current issues in the United States. For each one, please indicate how much, if at all, you personally worry about this issue.​​​​​ (Keren Keshet, November 4, 2022, to January 2, 2023)

 

A great deal

A fair amount

Only a little

Not at all

Inflation

58%

30%

11%

1%

Racism in America

43%

35%

16%

6%

Crime

44%

37%

16%

3%

Threats to democracy

47%

30%

15%

8%

Climate change

45%

32%

14%

9%

Antisemitism in America

53%

31%

13%

3%

Thinking about the country as a whole, how much anti-Semitism do you think there is in the United States today? (Keren Keshet, November 4, 2022, to January 2, 2023)

A lot

51%

Some

40%

Not much

8%

None at all

1%

And compared with five years ago, do you think there is… (Keren Keshet, November 4, 2022, to January 2, 2023)

More anti-Semitism in the U.S. today

70%

Less anti-Semitism in the U.S. today

8%

About the same amount of anti-Semitism in the U.S. today

22%

How concerned are you about anti-Semitism in the US? (Jewish Electorate Institute, June 28-July 1, 2021March 28-April 3, 2022)

  2021 2022

Concerned

90%

93%

Not concerned

10%

7%

 Who do you trust more to fight anti-Semitism? (Jewish Electorate Institute, March 28-April 3, 2022)

  2022

Democrats

45%

Republicans

20%

Both the same 15%
Neither 20%

How much anti-Semitism do you think there is in the United States?  (Ruderman Family Foundation, October 11-November 1, 2021)

  2021

Some?

94%

A lot

55%

Not Much
6%

Are you more concerned about anti-Semitism that originates from left-wing groups and individuals or anti-Semitism that originates from right-wing groups and individuals? (Jewish Electorate Institute, June 28-July 1, 2021)

  2021

Left-wing groups and individuals

22%

Right-wing groups and individuals

61%
Equally concerned about both 12%
Not concerned about either 1%
Not sure 4%

Overall, do you feel more safe, less safe, or no difference as a Jewish person living in America since Joe Biden became President? (Jewish Electorate Institute, June 28-July 1, 2021)

  2021

More safe

38%

Less safe

20%
No difference 42%

Below are some statements about Israel. For each one, do you agree or disagree with the statement? If you disagree, do you believe the statement is anti-Semitic or is not anti-Semitic? (Jewish Electorate Institute, June 28-July 1, 2021)

  2021
  Agree Disagree

Disagree Is anti-Semitic

Disagree
Is not ant-Semitic

Not Sure

Israel doesn’t have the right to exist

9% 84% 67% 17% 38%

Israel is an apartheid state.

25% 52% 28% 24% 22%
Israel’s treatment of Palestinians is similar to racism in the U.S 34% 50% 20% 30% 16%
Israel is committing genocide against the Palestinians. 22% 62% 31% 31% 16%
Jews who vote Democratic are disloyal to Israel 15% 77% 26% 51% 8%

Have you, your immediate family, or a friend experienced anti-Semitism over the past five years?  (Ruderman Family Foundation, October 11-November 1, 2021)

  2021

Yes

42%

Self

27%

Family/Friend
43%

Compared with five years ago, do you think there is more anti-Semitism in the U.S. today, less anti-Semitism in the U.S. today, or about the same amount? (Ruderman Family Foundation, October 11-November 1, 2021)

  2021

More

75%

Same

22%

Less
3%

How much, if anything, have you heard about the Boycott Divestment sanctions movement, or BDS, against Israel?  (Ruderman Family Foundation, October 11-November 1, 2021)

  2021

Great Deal/Some

63%

Not much/Nothing at all

37%

Do you support or oppose the BDS movement against Israel?  (Ruderman Family Foundation, October 11-November 1, 2021)

  2021

Support

17%

Oppose

66%

Do you view the statement, “The Holocaust has been exaggerated,” as anti-Semitic or not? (AJC, September 1-October 3, 2021)

 

2021

Anti-Semitic

94%

Not anti-Semitic

6%

Do you view the statement, “American Jews are more loyal to Israel than to America,” as anti-Semitic or not? (AJC, Jews September 9-October 4, 2020, September 11 - October 6, 2019, September 1-October 3, 2021)

 
2019

2020

2021

Anti-Semitic

73%

76%

85%

Not anti-Semitic

26%

22%

14%

In your opinion, is anti-Semitism taken more seriously, less seriously, or is it considered to be the same as other forms of hate and bigotry? (AJC, September 1-October 3, 2021)

 

2021

More seriously

16%

Less seriously

46%

Considered to be the same
37%
Don’t know/ refused
1%

On which platform were you the target of an anti-Semitic remark or post in the past 12 months? (AJC, September 1-October 3, 2021)

 

2021

Facebook

55%

Facebook

11%

Instagram
10%
Twitter
35%
Tiktok
4%
Clubhouse
5%
Other
11%

Did the social media platform remove any of the content you reported? (AJC, September 1-October 3, 2021)

 

2021

Content was removed

36%

Content was not removed

64%

 

   
   
 

 

Over the past 12 months, have you, yourself, been the target of an anti-Semitic remark in person? (AJC, September 1-October 3, 2021)

 

2021

Yes

17%

No

83%

Over the past 12 months, have you, yourself, been the target of an anti-Semitic remark or post online or through social media? (AJC, September 1-October 3, 2021)

 

2021

Yes

12%

No

88%

Over the past 12 months, if you, yourself, were the target of an anti-Semitic remark online or on social media, did you report this incident or any of these incidents? (AJC, September 1-October 3, 2021)

 

2021

Yes, to the police

5%

Yes, to a Jewish organization

17%

Yes, through social media
45%
No, I did not report it
46%

Over the past 12 months, if you, yourself, were the target of an anti-Semitic remark in person, did you report this incident or any of these incidents? (AJC, September 1-October 3, 2021)

 

2021

Yes, to the police

4%

Yes, to a Jewish organization

19%

No, I did not report it
79%

How much, if anything, have you heard about Jews being attacked in the United States and around the world in May 2021 during the conflict between Israel and Hamas? (AJC, September 1-Octoberf 3, 2021))

 

2021

A lot

28%

Some

43%

Not much
21%
Nothing at all
7%
Don’t know/ refused
1%

To what extent, if at all, has hearing about these attacks on Jews made you feel less safe as a Jewish person in the United States? (AJC, September 1-October 3, 2021)

 

2021

Feel less safe

72%

Do not feel less safe

27%

Have any Jewish institutions with which you are affiliated been targets of anti-Semitism? (AJC, Jews September 9-October 4, 2020, September 11 - October 6, 2019, September 1-October 3, 2021**)

 
2019

2020

2021

Antisemitic graffiti

22%

17%

17%

Antisemitic attacks

8%

8%

9%

Antisemitic threats
17%
16%
12%
None of these
54%
59%
40%
Not affiliated with any Jewish institutions
11
10%
24%
DK
2%
3%
12%

**Over the past five years, have any Jewish institutions with which you are affiliated been targets of anti-Semitism?

How effective do you think law enforcement is in responding to the security needs of Jews? (AJC, Jews September 9-October 4, 2020, September 11 - October 6, 2019, September 1-October 3, 2021 )

 
2019

2020

2021

Effective

81%

78%

66%

Not effective

15%

19%

31%

Don’t know/refused
4%
3%
3%

Do you approve or disapprove of the way the Democratic Party is responding to anti-Semitism in the United States? (AJC, September 1-October 3, 2021)

 

2021

Approve

45%

Disapprove

40%

No opinion
13%
Don’t know/refused
4%

Do you approve or disapprove of the way the Republican Party is responding to anti-Semitism in the United States? (AJC, September 1-October 3, 2021)

 

2021

Approve

20%

Disapprove

65%

No opinion
12%
Don’t know/refused
3%

In your view, how much of an anti-Semitic threat does the extreme political right represent in the United States today? (AJC, Jews September 9-October 4, 2020, September 11 - October 6, 2019, September 1-October 3, 2021)

 
2019

2020

2021

Very serious threat

49%

49%

45%

Moderately serious threat

29%

26%

28%

Slight threat
11%
14%
18%
No threat at all
9%
8%
7%
Don’t know/refused
2%
3%
2%

In your view, how much of an anti-Semitic threat does the extreme political left represent in the United States today? (AJC, Jews September 9-October 4, 2020, September 11 - October 6, 2019, September 1-October 3, 2021)

 
2019

2020

2021

Very serious threat

15%

16%

19%

Moderately serious threat

21%

16%

19%

Slight threat
28%
29%
33%
No threat at all
34%
36%
27%
Don’t know/refused
2%
3%
1%

In your view, how much of an anti-Semitic threat does extremism in the name of Islam represent in the United States today? (AJC, Jews September 9-October 4, 2020, September 11 - October 6, 2019, September 1-October 3, 2021)

 
2019

2020

2021

Very serious threat

27%

27%

24%

Moderately serious threat

27%

26%

28%

Slight threat
31%
32%
34%
No threat at all
14%
13%
13%
Don’t know/refused
1%
2%
1%

In your view, how much of an anti-Semitic threat do individuals from racial and ethnic minority groups represent in the United States today? (AJC, September 1-October 3, 2021)

 

2021

Very serious threat

10%

Moderately serious threat

22%

Slight threat
40%
No threat at all
27%
Don’t know/refused
2%

How familiar are you with the BDS movement? (American Jewish Committee, Jews September 9-October 4, general public September 15-20, 2020; September 1 – October 3, 2021)

 
2019
2020
2021
Very familiar

26%

25%

23%

Somewhat familiar

36%

36%

36%

Not too familiar
14%
18%
15%
Not at all familiar
24%
21%
26%

Do you view the BDS movement as anti-Semitic? (American Jewish Committee, Jews September 9-October 4, general public September 15-20, 2020; September 1 – October 3, 2021)

 
2019
2020
2021
Mostly anti-Semitic

35%

37%

40%
Some anti-Semitic supporters

47%

43%

42%
Not anti-Semitic
14%
15%
15%
Don’t know/refused
4%
5%
3%

Over the past five years, do you think anti-Semitism on college campuses has... (AJC, September 1 – October 3, 2021)

 

2021

Increased

50%

Stayed the same

23%

Decreased
3%
Not sure
23%

How much of a problem, if at all, do you think anti-Semitism from the far right is for Jewish college students in the United States today? (AJC, September 1 – October 3, 2021)

 

2021

A Problem

61%

Not a Problem

20%

Not sure
18%

How much of a problem, if at all, do you think anti-Semitism from the far left is for Jewish college students in the United States today? (AJC, September 1 – October 3, 2021)

 

2021

A Problem

45%

Not a Problem

37%

Not sure
19%

How much of a problem, if at all, do you think anti-Israel campaigns, such as the BDS movement, is for Jewish college students in the United States today? (AJC, September 1 – October 3, 2021)

 

2021

A Problem

54%

Not a Problem

24%

Don’t know/refused
1%

Over the past five years, have you or has anyone you know experienced anti-Semitism in a college setting? (AJC, Jews September 9-October 4, 2020, September 11 - October 6, 2019)

 
2019

2020

2021

Yes, you personally

1%

1%

2%

Yes, someone you know

16%

17%

15%

Yes, both myself and someone I know
3%
4%
3%
No
78%
76%
78%
Don’t know/refused
2%
2%
2%

**Earlier wording: Over the past five years, have you or anyone you know experienced anti-Semitism on a college campus?

How much have you heard about the boycott, divestment and sanctions (BDS) movement regarding Israel? (Pew, Nov. 19, 2019-June 3, 2020)

 

2020

A lot

24%

Some

31%

Not much
19%
Nothing at all
24%
No answer
1%

Generally speaking, do you support or oppose the boycott, divestment and sanctions (BDS) movement? [Asked of the 55% who heard a lot/some about BDS] (Pew, Nov. 19, 2019-June 3, 2020)

 

2020

Strongly Support

2%

Somewhat support

8%

Somewhat oppose
9%
Strongly oppose
34%
No answer
2%

Reason for more anti-Semitism... (Pew, Nov. 19, 2019-June 3, 2020)

  2020

Because more people hold anti-Semitic views

5%

Because people with anti-Semitic views feel more free to express them

35%
Because of both 33%

As a Jewish person in the United States, do you personally feel ____ compared with five years ago? (Pew, Nov. 19, 2019-June 3, 2020)

  Wear distinctively Jewish items Do not wear Jewish items Net Jewish

Less safe today

62% 51% 53%

More safe today

3% 3% 3%
Not much change 34% 44% 42%

Percentage of U.S. Jewish who say they have experienced each of the following in the past 12 months. (Pew, Nov. 19, 2019-June 3, 2020)

  2020

Seen anti-Jewish graffiti or vandalism

37%

Been made to feel unwelcome

19%
Been called offensive names 15%
Harassed online 8%
Physically threatened or attacked 5%

Anti-Semitism and Anti-Zionism (JCPA, 2020)

 

Do not agree at all

Agree a little bit

Moderately agree
Agree
Very much agree
DK/Not sure

People who are strongly anti-Israel or anti-Zionist are most likely anti-Semitic as well

12%

17%

22%
22%
24%
4%

People who are anti-Semitic are most likely anti-Israel or anti-Zionist as well

5%

12%

11%
21%
46%
4%

Bi-partisan political support for Israel is just as important as bi-partisan support against anti-Semitism. (JCPA, 2020)

Do not agree at all

16%
Agree somewhat
28%
Very much agree
53%

Not familiar with issue/DK

4%

When it comes to anti-Semitism in the United States, in general, would you say that it predominantly stems from individuals identified with the political Right, with the political Left, equally from both, or would you say it is related to social/cultural/ethnic factors and not political ideology at all? (JCPA, 2020)

Almost exclusively from the right

21%
Mostly from the right
31%
Almost exclusively from the left
0%

Mostly from the left

1%
About the same for both left and right
12%
Related to social/cultural/ethnic factors and not political ideology at all
30%
Other
5%*

Over the past five years, have you, yourself, been the target of an anti-Semitic physical attack? (AJC, Jews September 9-October 4, 2020, September 11 - October 6, 2019)

 
2019

2020

Yes, one time

2%

3%

No

98%

97%

Over the past five years, have you been the target of an anti-Semitic physical attack, an anti-Semitic remark in person, by mail, or by phone, or an anti-Semitic remark online or through social media? (AJC, Jews September 9-October 4, 2020)

 
2020

Yes

37%

Not a target/DK

63%

Over the past five years, have you, yourself, been the target of an anti-Semitic remark online or through social media? (AJC, Jews September 9-October 4, 2020, September 11 - October 6, 2019)

 
2019

2020

Yes, one time

6%

6%

Yes, more than one time

15%

16%

No
80%
77%

Over the past five years, have you been the target of an anti-Semitic remark in person, by mail, or by phone? (AJC, Jews September 9-October 4, 2020, September 11 - October 6, 2019)

 
2019

2020

Yes, one time

10%

7%

Yes, more than one time
13%
18%

Not a target/DK

77%

75%

Over the past five years, if you, yourself, were the target of an anti-Semitic attack or remark, did you report this incident or any of these incidents? (AJC, Jews September 9-October 4, 2020, September 11 - October 6, 2019)

 
2019

2020

Yes, to the police

3%

4%

Yes, to a Jewish organization

6%

5%

Yes, through social media
17%
19%
No, I did not report it
75%
76%

On which social media platform(s) were you the target of an anti-Semitic attack or remark? (AJC, Jews September 9-October 4, 2020)

 

2020

Facebook

62%

Twitter

33%

Youtube
10%
Instagram
12%
Snapchat
5%
TikTok
2%
Some other platform
10%
Don’t know/refused
4%

Did the social media or online service you reported the incident to take any steps to respond to your report? (AJC, Jews September 9-October 4, 2020)

Yes

53%

No
46%

Over the past five years, have you or anyone you know experienced anti-Semitism on a college campus? (AJC, Jews September 9-October 4, 2020, September 11 - October 6, 2019)

 
2019

2020

Yes, you personally

1%

1%

Yes, someone you know

16%

17%

Yes, both myself and someone I know
3%
4%
No
78%
76%
Don’t know/refused
2%
2%

Compared to a year ago, is the climate on college campuses toward pro-Israel students less hostile, more hostile, or about the same as a year ago? (AJC, September 11 - October 6, 2019)

 
2019

More hostile than a year ago

36%

Less hostile than a year ago

2%

About the same as a year ago
41%
DK
20%

Do you ever avoid certain places, events, or situations out of concern for your safety or comfort as a Jew? (AJC, Jews September 9-October 4, 2020, September 11 - October 6, 2019)

 
2019

2020

Yes, always

2%

4%

Yes, frequently

4%

3%

Yes, sometimes
19%
24%
No, never
74%
68%

Have you avoided visiting Jewish institutions or participating in Jewish events because you would not feel safe there? (AJC, Jews September 9-October 4, 2020)

 
2019

2020

Yes

5%

10%

No

95%

90%

Over the past two years, have you avoided publicly wearing, carrying, or displaying things that might help people identify you as a Jew? (AJC, Jews September 9-October 4, 2020, September 11 - October 6, 2019*)

 
2019

2020

Yes

31%

24%

No

68%

76%

*2019 - Did not ask over past two years.

Have any Jewish institutions with which you are affiliated been targets of anti-Semitism? (AJC, Jews September 9-October 4, 2020, September 11 - October 6, 2019)

 
2019

2020

Antisemitic graffiti

22%

17%

Antisemitic attacks

8%

8%

Antisemitic threats
17%
16%
None of these
54%
59%
Not affiliated with any Jewish institutions
11
10%
DK
2%
3%

In response to the Tree of Life synagogue shooting, have any of the Jewish institutions you are affiliated with increased security measures or is security about the same? (AJC, Jews September 9-October 4, 2020)

 

2020

Increased

56%

About the same

32%

Not affiliated
5%
DK / Refused
6%

Have any Jewish institutions with which you are affiliated hired security guards? (AJC, September 11 - October 6, 2019)

 

2019

Yes

57%

No

32%

I don’t visit or participate
1%
Not affiliated
6%
DK / Refused
4%

Have any Jewish institutions with which you are affiliated had police posted on site or outside? (AJC, September 11 - October 6, 2019)

 

2019

Yes

52%

No

38%

I don’t visit or participate
1%
Not affiliated
7%
DK / Refused
2%

Have any Jewish institutions with which you are affiliated trained or informed members on how to respond to an attack? (AJC, September 11 - October 6, 2019)

 

2019

Yes

39%

No

45%

I don’t visit or participate
1%
Not affiliated
7%
DK / Refused
8%

To what extent, if at all, do you think the Democratic Party holds anti-Semitic views? (AJC, Jews September 9-October 4, 2020)

 

2020

A lot/Some

37%

Not much/at all

61%

Don’t know/refused
2%

To what extent, if at all, do you think the Republican Party holds anti-Semitic views? (AJC, Jews September 9-October 4, 2020)

 

2020

A lot/Some

69%

Not much/at all

28%

Don’t know/refused
3%

Do you view the statement, “The U.S. government only supports Israel because of Jewish money,” as anti-Semitic or not? (AJC, Jews September 9-October 4, 2020, September 11 - October 6, 2019)

 
2019

2020

Anti-Semitic

80%

84%

Not anti-Semitic

20%

15%

Do you approve or disapprove of the way President Trump is handling the threat of anti-Semitism in the United States? (AJC, September 11 - October 6, 2019)

 

2019

Approve

24%

Disapprove

73%