Background & Overview
(November 14 - 21, 2012)
Click Any Question to Reveal the Facts and Learn More:
Since Israel evacuated every settler and soldier from the Gaza Strip seven year ago in hopes of stimulating
the peace process, it has been attacked by terrorists.
Thousands of deadly rockets and mortars were fired into southern Israel,
causing deaths, injuries,
and creating a constant state of fear and anxiety among nearly one million
Israelis within rocket
range.
This barrage finally created such a threat to the security
of Israeli citizens that Israel launched Operation Cast Lead in
2008 to degrade Hamas'
ability to engage in terror. For the last five years, terrorist attacks
have continued sporadically, but increased dramatically in the last
year as more than 1,300
rockets have been fired into Israel.
Over a three week period in October and November 2012 alone, Palestinian
terrorists from Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad launched more than 300
rockets into Israel. The escalation
prompted the Israeli Air Force to kill Hamas Military Commander Ahmad Jabari on November 14 in hopes of convincing Hamas continued terror
would come at a price.
Undeterred, the rocket fire continued, prompting
the initiation of Operation
"Pillar of Defense."
As Hamas' military commander since 2002, Jabari
was responsible for the planning and execution of countless acts of
terrorism against Israelis.
In 1996, he was involved in bombings that
killed 59 Israeli citizens; in 1998, he helped execute a terror attack
on a school bus in Kfar Darom that killed two Israeli children and,
in 2006, Jabari organized a terror squad that infiltrated southern Israel,
killed three IDF soldiers and kidnapped Gilad Shalit.
Following his
involvement in the October 2011 prisoner exchange with Israel, Jabari
became the de-facto leader of Hamas and Israel attempted to work with him behind the scenes to bring calm to the region.
Instead, Jabari remained committed to the Hamas agenda of destroying
Israel and ordered or permitted a new barrage of rockets to be fired
at Israel.
Like other nations, Israel maintains
its right to self-defense against threats to its civilian population.
According to Israeli Defense Minister Ehud
Barak, the IDF
has four main goals for the current operation: A) To strengthen Israel's
military deterrence over the Gaza
Strip; B) to inflict serious damage to Hamas' rocket launching network;
C) to deliver a painful blow to Hamas
and any other terror organization operating in Gaza;
and D) to minimize damage to the Israeli
home front. Israeli spokesman Mark Regev said "we will act until
we can achieve peace and quiet for those Israeli citizens who deserve
to live in peace and quiet."
Thousands of reserve troops have been mobilized, but Israelis do not
want to initiate a ground operation in Gaza,
and have done everything possible to avoid one. The magnitude of the
danger to millions of Israelis, however, may leave Israel with no other choice. Israel has said that the operation will end when
Hamas stops its rocket fire.
Hamas' arsenal is large and diverse, with an estimated
10,000 rockets in storage that range from crudely constructed Qassam
missiles to Iranian-developed technologically-advanced Fajr rockets.
The unguided Qassam rockets have a short range, but can be launched
quickly, and are packed with heavy explosives and shrapnel. Hamas took
advantage of the years of relative quiet to smuggle into Gaza increasingly
sophisticated weapons, mostly from Iran, but also from post-revolutionary
Libya. Hamas now has
the capability of reaching Tel Aviv and Jerusalem and putting 4.5 million
Israelis - more than half the population - at risk and many confined
to shelters.
The Iron Dome missile defense system, a revolutionary cooperative project
of Israel and the United States is 90% effective in protecting populated
areas and has stopped numerous rockets; however, the system cannot stop
rockets fired at short distances, such as those targeted at Sderot,
and the 10% that get past the Iron Dome can cause severe damage and
casualties. On November 15, one rocket struck just south of Tel Aviv.
A day later, two rockets landed just outside Jerusalem.
The barrage of terrorist rockets has forced the closure of schools in
southern Israel and brought life
to a standstill. "Ultimately you've got a whole generation of young
children who instead of today sitting in a classroom, are sitting in
bomb shelters ...," said Mark Regev, spokesperson for Prime Minister
Benjamin Netanyahu. Many of these children will suffer from post-traumatic
stress for years to come.
Article 51 of the United Nations Charter reserves
to every nation the right to engage in self-defense against armed attacks.
As Professor Alan Dershowitz has also noted, "The claim that Israel has violated the principle of proportionality -- by killing more Hamas terrorists than the number of Israeli civilians killed by Hamas rockets -- is absurd. First, there is no legal equivalence between the
deliberate killing of innocent civilians and the deliberate killings
of Hamas combatants.
Under the laws of war, any number of combatants can be killed to prevent
the killing of even one innocent civilian. Second, proportionality is
not measured by the number of civilians actually killed, but rather
by the risk posed. This is illustrated by what happened on Tuesday (December
30, 2008), when a Hamas rocket hit a kindergarten in Beer
Sheva, though no students were there at the time. Under international
law, Israel is not required to allow Hamas to play Russian
roulette with its children's lives."
As The London Times said in response to this charge during Israel's war with Hezbollah,
this criticism "is lazy and facile in several ways, especially
in implying a moral relativism between the two sides that does not exist.
This is not the contest between misguided equals that many in the West
seem to see. One is the
region's lone democracy, which for much of its existence has faced
a very real existential threat and would like, if possible, to live
in peace with its neighbors. The other is a terrorist organization,
bent on preventing such a future."
Furthermore, since Hamas' stated objective is the destruction of Israel,
isn't the appropriate response the destruction of Hamas?
What would America do if terrorists fired thousands of rockets targeting
U.S. cities? After 9/11, we saw that America took the same type of action
as Israel by launching military strikes
against the terrorists. It continues to do so, as we saw during the
raid that killed Osama bin Laden.
IDF activities
are governed by an overriding policy of restraint and a determination
to take all possible measures to prevent harm to innocent civilians.
On November 15, for example, an Israeli pilot aborted a mission when
he saw children near the target site. The murder of innocents is the
goal of the Palestinian terrorists. In fact, what other army drops leaflets
and makes phone calls to warn people to leave an area they intend to
attack -- as they did within 48 hours of launching the operation --
even though it gives up the element of surprise and allows the bad guys
to hide as well as the innocent to escape?
No innocent Palestinians would be in any danger if the Palestinian Authority
took steps to stop terrorism, or if the international community, especially
the Arab world, pressured Hamas to stop attacking Israel. No innocent Palestinians
would be in danger if Hamas terrorists did not deliberately hide among them. If the peace-seeking
Palestinians prevented the terrorists from living in their midst and
firing rockets from their neighborhoods, Israel would have no reason to target those areas.
It is a tragedy whenever innocent lives are lost, and Israelis have
consistently expressed their sadness over Arab casualties. By contrast,
when innocent Israelis are murdered by terrorists, Hamas celebrates the murders.
One of the most popular, yet misleading, arguments made is that if Hamas rockets actually posed a legitimate security threat to Israel, and if upwards of 3.5 million Israeli's were actually in Hamas rocket range, then how could the number of Israeli casualties be so low? If the threat from Gaza were real, then shouldn't Israel be dealing with more civilian deaths, just like in Gaza?
The reality, however, is that Israel suffers so few casualties because of its proactive efforts to protect its civilian population - and not because the Hamas rocket threat is overstated.
A well-known tactic of the Israeli Air Force is to thwart terror attacks by striking preemptively at a site where terrorists are in the act of launching rockets. Since the start of Operation "Pillar of Defense," the IDF has targeted more than 1,300 terror sites in the Gaza Strip, thwarting tens of rocket-launching attempts and targeting countless rocket launching sites. These strikes caused severe damage to terror groups’ arsenal and drastically reduced the threat posed to Israeli civilians, by simple elimination.
Israeli civilians are also protected by Israel's groundbreaking missile defense shield, the Iron Dome. Jointly developed by the United States and Israel to intercept both short- and medium-range rockets, the Iron Dome is proving invaluable when countering the rocket threat. The system intercepts rocekts headed for major population centers by calculating their trajectory from launch and neutralizing them before they cause damage. Since the beginning of the operation, the Iron Dome System has intercepted over 340 rockets aimed directly at Israeli civilians, including rockets towards the Tel-Aviv area.
Another reason so few Israelis are killed is because of the readiness of Israel's Home Front in confronting the terror threat. Unfortunately, this isn’t Israel’s first time dealing with aggression from Gaza. Over the last 12 years, more than 12,000 rockets have been fired from Gaza, terrorizing the lives of over a million Israelis in the south and these civlians are already used to having less than 15 seconds to run to the nearest bomb shelter every time a rocket falls. Moreover, technologies have been developed to help Israelis deal with the threat, such as installing a bomb-proof room in every house, or the implementation of the Red Color alarm system.
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Hamas is considered a terrorist organization by the United
States and it has been the government's policy that it would not
engage in talks with the group unless it renounces terror, recognizes
Israel's right to exist and agrees to adhere to Israel-Palestinian
agreements. The State Department's Deputy Spokesperson Mark C. Toner
released a statement on November 14 "strongly condemn[ing] the
barrage of rocket fire from Gaza into southern Israel" and expressing regret at the death and injury
of innocent Israelis and Palestinians from the ongoing violence. The U.S. supports Israel's
right to defend itself and encourages it to continue to take measures
to avoid civilian casualties. Moreover, the statement said, "Hamas claims to have the best interests of the Palestinian people at heart,
yet it continues to engage in violence that is counterproductive to
the Palestinian cause. Attacking Israel on a near daily basis does nothing to help Palestinians in Gaza or to move the Palestinian people any closer to achieving self determination."
On November 15, both houses of the U.S. Congress - the Senate and House of Representatives - passed resolutions by unanimous consent expressing support for Israel's "inherent
right to act in self-defense."
On November 18, President Barack
Obama reiterated U.S. support for Israel:
“The precipitating event here...that's causing the current crisis...was an ever-escalating number of missiles; they were landing not just in Israeli territory, but in areas that are populated. And there's no country on Earth that would tolerate missiles raining down on its citizens from outside its borders. So we are fully supportive of Israel's right to defend itself from missiles landing on people's homes and workplaces and potentially killing civilians. And we will continue to support Israel's right to defend itself.”
Sources: em>Times of Israel
(November
14, 2012); (November
14, 2012); (November
15, 2012); (November
16, 2012); IDF
Blog (November 15, 2012); (November 20, 2012); Jerusalem Post (June
15, 2011); U.S. State Department Press Release (November
14, 2012); CNN interview with Mark Regev (November
15, 2012); GovTrack;
Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center (November
15, 2012); White
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